As always the mean pressure chart can reveal a lot about the weather, and in July 2023 it showed why it was so wet and changeable, with near average temperatures across the British Isles. It’s also apparent from it why Iceland was so cold due to the squeeze in the pressure gradient between higher than average pressure across Greenland, and lower than average pressure across NW Europe, resulting in a persistent and strong N or NENE North East flow of air across the island. It’s not so revealing about the causes of the heatwave across North Africa, which happened in a very slack pressure field in a ridge of high pressure that extended eastward into the Mediterranean from the Azores high.