After unprecedented warm spells at both the start of September and October, Autumn 2023 was always going to end up being one of the warmest on record, and for along time it was, but the single cold spell at the end of November prevented this happening, and it ended up the third warmest since 1659, behind 2006 and 2011 with a mean temperature of 12.2°C, which was 1.4°C above 1991-2020 LTALTA Long Term Average. This is usually defined as a 30 year period by the WMO..
