SSW

Weather patterns may lead to flooding in February, Met Office warns

Courtesy of The Guardian

February 2023 is likely to be the fifth driest February since 1931 using gridded data for England and Wales from the UKMOUKMO The Meteorological Office is the United Kingdom's national weather service. It is an executive agency and trading fund of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, and in central England it could well be the second driest. It’s been drier than average thanks to persistent high pressure, which although not uncommon in February, is not usually as long lasting as its been this year.

I can see how the Guardian used Will Lang, head of situational awareness at the UKMO, to manipulate another climate extremes scare story back in November. Yes it was significant at the time that the three-month forecast had not reached February yet, but I think we read far too much into tele-connections such as the QBOQBO The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is a quasiperiodic oscillation of the equatorial zonal wind between easterlies and westerlies in the tropical stratosphere with a mean period of 28 to 29 months. The alternating wind regimes develop at the top of the lower stratosphere and propagate downwards at about 1 km per month until they are dissipated at the tropical tropopause. Downward motion of the easterlies is usually more irregular than that of the westerlies. The amplitude of the easterly phase is about twice as strong as that of the westerly phase. At the top of the vertical QBO domain, easterlies dominate, while at the bottom, westerlies are more likely to be found., NAONAO The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a weather phenomenon over the North Atlantic Ocean of fluctuations in the difference of atmospheric pressure at sea level (SLP) between the Icelandic Low and the Azores High. Through fluctuations in the strength of the Icelandic Low and the Azores High, it controls the strength and direction of westerly winds and location of storm tracks across the North Atlantic., AOAO The Arctic oscillation (AO) or Northern Annular Mode/Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode (NAM) is a weather phenomenon at the Arctic pole north of 20 degrees latitude. It is an important mode of climate variability for the Northern Hemisphere. The southern hemisphere analogue is called the Antarctic oscillation or Southern Annular Mode (SAM). The index varies over time with no particular periodicity, and is characterized by non-seasonal sea-level pressure anomalies of one sign in the Arctic, balanced by anomalies of opposite sign centered at about 37–45° N., ENSOENSO El Niño–Southern Oscillation is an irregular periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics. The warming phase of the sea temperature is known as El Niño and the cooling phase as La Niña. and of course the SSWSSW A sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is an event in which polar stratospheric temperatures rise by as much as 50 °C in the course of a few days. The warming is preceded by a slowing then reversal of the westerly winds in the stratospheric polar vortex. SSWs occur about six times per decade in the northern hemisphere, and about once every 20-30 years in the southern hemisphere., these days, thinking we are anywhere close to understanding the complexities of our global weather system, and this Guardian story illustrates this fact perfectly. The threat of flooding has not gone away, but it’s likely that it’ll be the lack of rainfall that will dominate the weather news across Europe this coming spring and summer.

Climate, ENSO, SSW

Weather patterns may lead to flooding in February, Met Office warns Read More »

Table of major mid-winter SSWs 1958-2020

The date of the major warming is calculated for each reanalysis product using daily-mean zonal-mean zonal winds at 60N and 10 hPahPa A Hectopascal is the SI unit of pressure and identical to the Millibar, where the winds must return to westerly for 20 consecutive days between events, and for at least 10 days prior to April 30, following Charlton and Polvani (2007).
The El NiñoEl Niño El Niño 'The Boy' is the warm phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and is associated with a band of warm ocean water that develops in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific-Southern Oscillation (ENSOENSO El Niño–Southern Oscillation is an irregular periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics. The warming phase of the sea temperature is known as El Niño and the cooling phase as La Niña.) phase (E = El Niño, L = La NiñaLa Niña La Niña is an oceanic and atmospheric phenomenon that is the colder counterpart of El Niño, as part of the broader El Niño–Southern Oscillation climate pattern. The name La Niña originates from Spanish for "the girl", by analogy to El Niño, meaning "the boy". In the past, it was also called an anti-El Niño[1] and El Viejo, meaning "the old man.", N = Neutral) is defined following the convention of the NOAA NCEP Climate Prediction Center, which is based on the DJFDJF Meteorological Winter comprising the months of December, January & February Oceanic Niño Index (ONIONI The Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) is NOAA's primary index for tracking the ocean part of ENSO, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation climate pattern.) using ERSSTv5 data with a +/-0.5C threshold.
The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBOQBO The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is a quasiperiodic oscillation of the equatorial zonal wind between easterlies and westerlies in the tropical stratosphere with a mean period of 28 to 29 months. The alternating wind regimes develop at the top of the lower stratosphere and propagate downwards at about 1 km per month until they are dissipated at the tropical tropopause. Downward motion of the easterlies is usually more irregular than that of the westerlies. The amplitude of the easterly phase is about twice as strong as that of the westerly phase. At the top of the vertical QBO domain, easterlies dominate, while at the bottom, westerlies are more likely to be found.) phase (E = easterly, W = westerly) is defined using the DJF-mean equatorial QBO time series at 50 hPa from the Freie Universität Berlin.
The frequency of SSWsSSW A sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is an event in which polar stratospheric temperatures rise by as much as 50 °C in the course of a few days. The warming is preceded by a slowing then reversal of the westerly winds in the stratospheric polar vortex. SSWs occur about six times per decade in the northern hemisphere, and about once every 20-30 years in the southern hemisphere. for each reanalysis is calculated for the 1958-2019 period for NCEPNCEP The United States National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) delivers national and global weather, water, climate and space weather guidance, forecasts, warnings and analyses to its Partners and External User Communities.-NCARNCAR The US National Center for Atmospheric Research is a US federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) managed by the nonprofit University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) and funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). and JRAJRA The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) is an agency of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. It is charged with gathering and providing results for the public in Japan that are obtained from data based on daily scientific observation and research into natural phenomena in the fields of meteorology, hydrology, seismology and volcanology, among other related scientific fields. Its headquarters is located in Minato, Tokyo.-55; for the 1958-2002 period for ERAERA ERA stands for 'ECMWF Re-Analysis' and refers to a series of research projects at ECMWF which produced various datasets (ERA-Interim, ERA-40, etcetera).-40; for the 1979-2019 period for ERA-interim; and for the 1980-2019 period for MERRA-2.

Event NameNCEP-NCARERA40ERA-InterimJRA-55MERRA2ENSOQBO 50mb
JAN 195830-Jan-5831-Jan-5830-Jan-58EW
NOV 195830-Nov-58********EE
JAN 196016-Jan-6017-Jan-6017-Jan-60NW
JAN 1963****28-Jan-6330-Jan-63NE
MAR 196523-Mar-65********LW
DEC 19658-Dec-6516-Dec-6518-Dec-65EE
FEB 196624-Feb-6623-Feb-6623-Feb-66EE
JAN 1968****7-Jan-687-Jan-68LW
NOV 196827-Nov-6828-Nov-6829-Nov-68EE
MAR 196913-Mar-6913-Mar-69****EE
JAN 19702-Jan-702-Jan-702-Jan-70EW
JAN 197117-Jan-7118-Jan-7118-Jan-71LE
MAR 197120-Mar-7120-Mar-7120-Mar-71LE
JAN 19732-Feb-7331-Jan-7331-Jan-73EE
JAN 1977****9-Jan-779-Jan-77EE
FEB 197922-Feb-7922-Feb-7922-Feb-7922-Feb-79NW
FEB 198029-Feb-8029-Feb-8029-Feb-8029-Feb-8029-Feb-80EE
FEB 1981************6-Feb-81****NW
MAR 1981****4-Mar-814-Mar-814-Mar-81****NW
DEC 19814-Dec-814-Dec-814-Dec-814-Dec-814-Dec-81NE
FEB 198424-Feb-8424-Feb-8424-Feb-8424-Feb-8424-Feb-84LW
JAN 19852-Jan-851-Jan-851-Jan-851-Jan-851-Jan-85LE
JAN 198723-Jan-8723-Jan-8723-Jan-8723-Jan-8723-Jan-87EW
DEC 19878-Dec-878-Dec-878-Dec-878-Dec-878-Dec-87EW
MAR 198814-Mar-8814-Mar-8814-Mar-8814-Mar-8814-Mar-88EW
FEB 198922-Feb-8921-Feb-8921-Feb-8921-Feb-8921-Feb-89LW
DEC 199815-Dec-9815-Dec-9815-Dec-9815-Dec-9815-Dec-98LE
FEB 199925-Feb-9926-Feb-9926-Feb-9926-Feb-9926-Feb-99LE
MAR 200020-Mar-0020-Mar-0020-Mar-0020-Mar-0020-Mar-00LW
FEB 200111-Feb-0111-Feb-0111-Feb-0111-Feb-0111-Feb-01LW
DEC 20012-Jan-0231-Dec-0130-Dec-0131-Dec-0130-Dec-01NE
FEB 2002****18-Feb-02********17-Feb-02NE
JAN 200318-Jan-0318-Jan-0318-Jan-0318-Jan-03EW
JAN 20047-Jan-045-Jan-045-Jan-045-Jan-04NE
JAN 200621-Jan-0621-Jan-0621-Jan-0621-Jan-06LE
FEB 200724-Feb-0724-Feb-0724-Feb-0724-Feb-07EW
FEB 200822-Feb-0822-Feb-0822-Feb-0822-Feb-08LE
JAN 200924-Jan-0924-Jan-0924-Jan-0924-Jan-09LW
FEB 20109-Feb-109-Feb-109-Feb-109-Feb-10EW
MAR 201024-Mar-1024-Mar-1024-Mar-1024-Mar-10EW
JAN 20137-Jan-136-Jan-137-Jan-136-Jan-13NE
FEB 201812-Feb-1812-Feb-1812-Feb-1812-Feb-18LW
JAN 20192-Jan-192-Jan-192-Jan-192-Jan-19EE
Total Events3729263925
Frequency: Events/Decade6.06.46.36.36.3

I can’t see what the big fuss is about the chances of a change to very cold following an SSWSSW A sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is an event in which polar stratospheric temperatures rise by as much as 50 °C in the course of a few days. The warming is preceded by a slowing then reversal of the westerly winds in the stratospheric polar vortex. SSWs occur about six times per decade in the northern hemisphere, and about once every 20-30 years in the southern hemisphere. event. More often or not CETCET Central England Temperature in the following weeks is completely unaffected. Here are some examples of SSW events in recent years.

SSW

Table of major mid-winter SSWs 1958-2020 Read More »

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